Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are conditions in which a child has partial or complete blockage of the airway during sleep. These interruptions in breathing can lead to poor sleep quality and a range of health and behavioral problems. Common signs and symptoms include loud snoring, restless sleep, mouth breathing, gasping or choking during the night, bedwetting and excessive daytime sleepiness. Some children, especially those with attention or learning difficulties, may show hyperactivity or poor school performance as a result of sleep disruptions.
When sleep-disordered breathing is suspected, an evaluation typically begins with a thorough medical history and physical exam. If symptoms are significant, our specialists will make recommendations about medical and surgical management. In very young children, children with obesity, muscle tone issues or complicated facial skeletal structures, sleep study (polysomnogram) may be recommended. During this overnight test, the child’s brain activity, breathing patterns, oxygen levels, heart rate and muscle movements are monitored. The results help determine the presence and severity of OSA and guide the most appropriate treatment plan from our providers.
Treatment for OSA depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. For many children, especially those with enlarged tonsils and adenoids, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are the first-line treatments. This surgery removes the obstructing tissues in the airway and is very effective in improving breathing and sleep quality. Children typically recover within one week, and most experience significant improvement in symptoms after surgery.
In milder cases or when surgery is not appropriate, medical treatments may be considered. These can include nasal steroid sprays or leukotriene receptor antagonists like montelukast, which help reduce inflammation and improve nasal airflow. In children who continue to have OSA after surgery, or those who are not candidates for surgery, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may be recommended. CPAP involves wearing a mask during sleep that delivers gentle air pressure to keep the airway open. While it can take time for children to get used to CPAP, it can be a very effective long-term solution for managing sleep apnea.
Sleep-disordered breathing can significantly impact a child’s development, behavior, and quality of life. If you notice signs like persistent snoring or poor sleep in your child, it’s important to speak with your pediatrician or reach out to our team at ENT for Kids. Early diagnosis and treatment—whether through medications, surgery or CPAP—can make a meaningful difference in your child’s health and well-being.
If you’re concerned about your child’s sleep quality, please reach out to us to arrange a consultation.